Current Challenges in Bone Biology

Volume 3 • Issue 2 • 1000132 Adv Tech Biol Med ISSN: 2379-1764 ATBM, an open access journal The bone is a very important organ that supports is one of the many bodily functions. It has very diverse functions from the general support of the human body to energy regulation and balance [1]. Bones are formed during the development either through intramembranous (flat bones) ossification or endochondral ossification (long bones) [24]. The human body is composed of over 270 bones at birth and fuse to become 206 in totals at adulthood that all hold crucial functions. Bones consisting of mineralized bone tissue also consists of bone marrow, nerves and blood vessels and the communication between cells in the tissues is tightly regulated by the bone environment. Bone is an active tissue that is maintained by bone cells such as osteoblasts that form bone and osteoclasts that resorb bone [5]. Additionally, within the collagen and mineral matrix osteocytes are also embedded and respond to the bone environment [6,7]. The balance between these cells is necessary to maintain bone function. Bone research is considerably a challenging field due to the intricately dense structural composition of the bone morphology. While other tissues can be easily processed and prepared for experiments, working with bone is difficult [8,9]. Due to its composition of collagen fibers and minerals, bone creates a very dense structure, in which the bone cells are embedded [10]. Therefore, studying intracellular dynamics of the bone cells embedded within the mineralized tissue has proven to be challenging a task.